1.
Effect Of Two Anticoccidials With And Without Supplementation Of Vitamins On Some Liver And Kidney Functions
by Muti Ur Rehman Khan | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr.Javed Rashid | Dr.Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The project was designed to study the effect of anticoccidials (Ampisol 20% and Esb3 30%) with and without supplementation of vitamins on some liver and kidney functions of broiler chicken. A total of hundred day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into five equal groups designated as A, B, C, D and E. Group A was medicated with Ampisol 20% at the dose rate of 3 gm/10 liters. Group B was given Ampisol 20% alongwith supplementation of Symodek at the dose rate of 1 gmJ2 liters. Group C was medicated with Esb3 30% while group D was Esb3 30% plus Symodek. Group E was non- medicated control. Serum samples were collected randomly from five birds in each group on day 21, 28, 35 and 42 and were stored at -20°C uptil tests. The experimental period was 42 days. Estimation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine and serum uric acid was made by using commercially available kits in collected serum samples of all groups.
The statistical analysis of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine showed no significant difference among groups A, B, C, D and Eon 21, 28,35,42 day of experiment. Serum uric acid levels showed no significant difference in different groups on 21 and 42 day. On day 28 of the experiment there was no significant difference between mean serum uric acid levels of group C and D but were significantly different from groups A, B and E. The mean uric acid levels of groups A, B and E were significantly different from each other. On day 35 there was significant difference among different groups except between B and C groups. As there were no adverse effects on liver and kidney functions of broiler chickens, the administration of Ampisol 20% and Esb3 30% with and without vitamins is recommended for chemoprophylaxis of coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0576,T] (1).
2.
Effects Of Two Anticoccidial Drugs With And Without Supplementation Of Vitamins On The Immune System Of Broiler Chickens
by Nazim ud Din | Dr.Khalid Munir Ch | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This project was designed to investigate the effects of two anticoccidials Ampisol 20% and Esb3 30% with and without supplementation of vitamins (A, D3, E and K3 as "Symodek") on the immune system of broiler chickens. To evaluate such effects the parameters used for study were; effects, on the weights of immuno regulatory organs (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and liver), organ body weight indices, histopathology of primary lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and thymus), total and differential leukocytic counts, total serum protein, albumin globulin ratio and immune response to Newcastle disease virus vaccination. A total of 120 chicks, divided into 5 equal groups viz A to E were reared for 42 days. Groups A, B, C, and D were medicated with, Ampisol 20%, Ampisol 20% + Symodek, Esb3 30%, and Esb3 30% + Symodek, respectively while group E was kept as control(no drug medication). All the birds were vaccinated with ND virus vaccine on day 7th and day 2 1st. All the medication, was done through drinking water at the recommended prophylactic dosage levels.
The study revealed that Ampisol 20% had favourable effects on the weights of immunoregulatory organs, and organ (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and liver):bodyweight indices. Esb3 30% had negative effects on these parameters.
Histological studies of primary lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and thymus) revealed no detrimental effects of different medications except in birds of group C and D given Esb3 30% or Esb3 30% + Symodek, where slight degenerative changes were noted in bursae and thymi.
On day 42 the mean TLC values were slightly lower in birds medicated with Esb3 30% as compared to birds which received Ampisol 20%. On day 42 the mean lymphocytic percentages were higher in groups medicated with Arnpisol 20% as compared to those given Esb3 30%. Vitamins supplementation exerted favourable effects on TLC and DLC values. This study further indicated that mean total serum protein (TSP), mean serum albumin, mean serum globulin and mean A/G ratios were higher in birds medicated Ampisol 20%, than those medicated Esb3 30%. Vitamin supplementation had augmenting effects on these values. On day 28, 35 and 42 the antibody titres in birds medicated with Ampisol 20% were higher than those given Esb3 30%. Vitamin supplementation exerted augmenting effects on the antibody titres.
It is concluded that Ampisol 20% had no immunosuppressive effects rather it exerted favourable effects on the weights of immunoregulatory organs, rpp albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, DLC and HI antibody titres against Newcastle disease virus. Esb3 30% moderately depressed the aforesaid components of immune system. The present study also revealed that vitamins (A, D3, E, K3) supplementation to anticoccidials improved the immune response of birds. However, there is a need for further investigation in this regard, with special reference to immune system of broiler chickens.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0579,T] (1).
3.
Effects Of Formalinized And Oil Based Hydropericardium Syndrome Vaccines On Haematology & Immunocompetent
by Zafar Abbas | Dr.Javed Rashid | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This study was designed to find out the effects on haematology (Hb, TLC and DLC), immune response (against NDV vaccine) and on organ body weight indices (liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus) in broiler chickens when given two different HPS vaccines (Formalinized and oil-based HPS vaccines). Morbid livers of chickens affected with naturally occurred hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) were collected from field outbreaks to prepare the HPS vaccines and inoculum. Sixty broiler chicks were divided into three groups (A, B and C), comprising of 20 chicks in each on 10th day of experiment. At 14th day of age, chickens of groups A and B were given f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines, while group C was kept as unvaccinated control. On 28th day of age chickens of groups A, B and C were challenged with HPS inoculum. To study the effects of f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines, blood samples were collected on 12th (pre-vaccination), 26th (postvaccination) and 35th (post-challenge) day of experiment.
Haematological study revealed that f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines had no significant effects on haemoglobin concentration in groups A and B, but its concentration decreased significantly on 35th day in control group-C. Whereas TLC values increased significantly on 26th and 35th day in groups A and B, but decreased significantly on 35th day in group-C. DLC value revealed that there was relative lymphocytosis and heterpenia on 26th and 35th day in groups A and B, whereas eosinophilia on 35th day. While in control group-C there was lymphopenia and eosinopenia along with hetrophHia on 35th day. Antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus vaccine indicated that there was no significant difference in'GMHI titre values among the groups A, B and C. Results of organ body weight indices indicated that in control group-C (unvaccinated) indices of liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were significantly higher than those of groups A and B, whereas no effect was observed on thymic body weight index among groups A, B and C.
The results of this study suggested that f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines had no significant effect on Hb concentration, TLC and DLC values. No significant immuno-modulatory effect was noted on antibody titre against NDV vaccine of these HPS vaccines, whereas significant effect was noted on organ body weight indices of livers, spleen and bursa of Fabricius in group-C as compared to vaccinated groups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0582,T] (1).
4.
A Study On Stress Induced Effects In Broilers After Vaccination (Angavag) Against Hydropericadium Syndrome
by Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Muhammad Aslam | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The main aim of this study was evaluation of vaccination (Angavac) stress against hydropericardium syndrome with an oil- based vaccine and possible measures to check that stress. For this purpose one hundred and seventy chicks (day-old) were randomly divided into four groups namely, A, B, C and D. Each group comprised of forty birds while ten birds were used to collect serum samples for evaluation of maternal antibody titre in the chicks. Group "A" was kept as control while group B, C and D were vaccinated against Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS). Group "B" was kept as such while group C and D were supplemented with multi-vitamins and aspirin respectively in drinking water. Blood samples were collected at 24, 48 and 72 hours post vaccination from ten randomly selected birds from each group to study heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio and change in serum chemistry i.e. (protein, glucose and cholesterol). Blood serum was also collected from 10 randomly selected birds of each group an day 14, 28 and 42 of the experiment to see the level of antibody titre in the groups. Adrenal/body weight ratio, pathological examination of adrenal gland and economics of the flock was also studied at the end of experiment. Vaccine did not cause any significant stress in broilers. However, multivitamin therapy gave better growth traits and increased profit.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0656,T] (1).
5.
Detection And Control Of Vaccination Stress In Pullets Against Newcastle Disease Vaccine (Avinew)
by Shakila Khanum | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Muhammad Akram Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The project was carried out to detect the stress in layer chicks caused by vaccination against Newcastle disease. It alsi intended to find out the role of vitamins and aspirin in combating vaccination stress. One hundred and seventy (170) day-old layer chicks were obtained from the market. 10 day old chicks were utilized to determine maternal antibody Litre against NDV. Four groups were made at random comprising of 40 birds each. These were labelled as A (control group), B (vaccine), C (vaccine + vitamin) and D (vaccine + aspirin). The studied parameters in the experiment were: heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, serum biochemical analysis, adrenal! body weight ratio, pathological examination of adrenal glands as well as detection of antibody response against NDV.
At the end of the experiment, it was found that no considerable stress was induced in the birds vaccinated against NDV vaccine. It was also concluded that vitamins have a positive effect on immune response and growth rate of bird.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0722,T] (1).
6.
Mercury Intoxication In Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella)
by Shehar Yar Khan, M | Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Dr.H.A.Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad Nadeem Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The present project was carried out to study the effects of mercuric chloride (HgCI2) toxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). For this purpose 360 fish were procured from local fish farm and after one week of acclimatization, lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of HgCI2 was determined. Follow this two experiments were conducted to study viz, acute and chronic effect of mercury poisoning. For acute phase experiment 48 fish were divided into four equal groups (A, B, C and D). Groups B, C and D were given HgC12 at sublethal dose rate of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mg/L, respectively. Group A acted as control group. Skin, gills and kidneys were collected after 48 and 96 hours for histopathological study. For chronic phase experiment 72 fish were divided into five equal groups (E, F, G, H and I). Groups F, G, H and I were given HgCI2 at sublethal dose of 0.3 nig/L for 4, 8, 12 and 16 days, respectively. Group E acted as control group. Skin, gills and kidneys were collected from each group after 4, 8, 12 and 16 days for histopathological study. In mercury exposed groups normal morphology of epidermis was disturbed and number of immature cells were increased. Overall skin layers were atrophied and withered. Histopathology of gills showed hyperplasia of epithelial cells of gill filaments, fusion of secondary lamellae giving a club shaped appearance of filaments. On certain areas there was sloughing of respiratory epitheliurn in mercury exposed groups. Histopathological examination of kidneys also showed a wide range of toxicity lesions. Certain areas of kidney showed disintegration and disorganization of cells of both renal and interstitial tissue and consequent dilatation and thickening of glomeruli and renal tubules. Mild to sever tubular epithelial degeneration, and necrosis was also evident. In chronic phase experiment effects of HgC12 on clinical signs and growth rate of fish were also studied. There was suppression of growth in chronic exposure groups (G, H, & I). Restlessness, difficult breathing, fin flickering and jerky movements were also observed in treatment groups. Suppressed growth rate was observed. Therefore, it was concluded that mercury intoxication not only resulted in marked histopathological changes and abnormal clinical signs but also depressed the growth rate.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0800,T] (1).
7.
Effect Of Type Of Initial Feeding On Yolk Sac In Broiler Infected With Escherichia Coli
by Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq | Dr.Zafar Iqbal | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad sarwar khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The project was designed to observe the effect of type of initial feeding on yolk sac in broilers experimentally infected with Escherichia coil.
For this purpose chicks were divided into 7 groups having 20 chicks each. On day 1, yolk sac infection was introduced in groups A, B, C, D, B and F while group 0 remained as control. Group A was fed wheat bran, group B fed on ground maize, group C fed on commercial starter ration (CSR) and 2% glucose solution, group D fed on CSR and 6% canola oil, group B fed on CSR and enzymes mixture (Driselase), group F fed on CSR and group G fed on CSR for first five days of experiment. Simple commercial starter ration was fed to all groups after 5th day of experiment.
Body weight, yolk sac weight, yolk sac/body weight index, estimated yolk sac absorption and chemical composition of yolk was studied for each group. Results of experiment showed that simple commercial starter ration give better results as initial feed in broilers infected with E. coli infection rather than using wheat bran, ground maize, 2% glucose solution with CSR, 6% canola oil with CSR or enzymes with CSR. It was observed that feeding commercial starter ration in E coli infection, in early life of chick led to increase weight gain, decrease in yolk sac weight and yolk sac/body weight index, increased estimated yolk absorption and better absorption of moisture and protein from yolk
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0827,T] (1).
8.
Effects Of Excessive Sodijm Salts In Feed Of Broiler Birds
by Farrukh Ali Khan | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: This study was conducted on broiler birds for 6 weeks to investigate the effect of excessive sodium salt i.e. sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate on immune status of birds, against NDV by haemagglutination inhibition test. Presence of edematous lesion on postmortem examination, estimation of serum sodium concentrations by spectrophotoinetry and calculation of FCR and weight gain was also performed. A total of 100 (one day old) broiler chicks were purchased and were divided in 4 groups A, B, C and D. The birds of group A were fed on 0.36% NaCI in feed, group B was fed on 0.36% NaHCO3 in feed and the birds of group C were fed on feed having 0.18% NaC1 and 0.18% NaHCO3. The group D was control group fed on routine feed having 0.18% total sodium salts. They were maintained under similar hygienic managemental conditions and were provided feed and water ad libitum
The results showed that the birds of group A had better feed conversion ratio as compared to the birds of group B, C and D. Whereas birds of group D had poor FCR as compared to the birds of group A, B and C. The results showed that birds of group A had better weight gain as compared to the birds of group B, C and D. Whereas birds of group D had poor weight gaul as compared to the birds of group A, B and C. On analysis of serum sodium concentration, the birds of group A had maximum sodium concentration and birds of group D had lowest serum sodium concentration. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the serum sodium levels of all groups except within group B and C. The highest GMHI titer against ND virus was observed in sera of birds of group D and the lowest ill the sera of birds from group A. No edematous lesions were observed in birds of any group.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0839,T] (1).
9.
Detection Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis And Mycobacterium Bovis From Spum And Blood Samples Of Human Using a Duplex PCR
by Asma Nawaz | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Dr.Azhar | Dr.Muhammad Younas Rana | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Tuberculosis is common infectious disease in the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common cause of tuberculosis in the humans. Tuberculosis is endemic in Pakistan with about 1.5 million people infected. M.bovis is the major cause of gastrointestinal tuberculosis in humans.
The study was conducted in Lahore to compare 100 blood and 100 sputum samples from patients of active tuberculosis. The methods employed were conventional methods including Ziehl-Neelsen staining, culture on Lowenstein Jenson medium and biochemical tests. The Duplex PCR and conventional methods for diagnosis of tuberculosis caused by M.bovis and M.tuberculosis were compared on the sputum and blood samples. For M.tuberculosis and M.bovis the pncA gene and the species-specific 500-bp fragments were targeted in the Duplex PCR, respectively.
The sensitivity and specificity of Duplex PCR was found statistically significant in comparison to the conventional methods including Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis caused by M.tuberculosis and M.bovis. Therefore Duplex PCR is a better choice of diagnostic test in the clinical setups where clinical urgencies necessitate a reliable, sensitive and specific test with the results in a short time period.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1054,T] (1).
10.
Clinico -Pathological Studies In Cattle Suffering From Theileriosis In District Peshawar
by Dr.Akhtar Munir | Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Dr.Aftab | Dr.Muhammad Younas Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The present study was designed to diagnose theileriosis, to check its prevalence, to see its effects on liver and kidney function tests and to evaluate supportive therapy in the cattle population of district Peshawar. For this purpose district Peshawar was divided into 4 units and and five blood samples were collected from five villages of each unit. Thus a total of 20 villages were sampled for collection of blood samples from100 suspected animals. Screening of animals was done by blood smears stained by Giemsa staining technique. The blood smears showed theileria, piroplasms, including cocci, rod and signet-ring. On the basis of microscopic examination the overal prevalence of theileriosis in district Peshawar was 16% (16/100).
Liver and kidney function tests were perfomed on heparinized plasma using chemistry analyser (Microlab 300). The values of SGPT, SGOT, Albumin, Total bilirubin and creatinine were increased while the values of total protein and albumin were decreased as compared to the normal reference values
For evaluation of supportive therapy half of the theileria positive animals were treated with butalax only and the other half were treated with butalax + liver tonic and diuretics (Hepasel +Lasix injections)..Evaluation of supportive therapy showed that the values of liver functions tests and kidney function tests of theileria positive animals treated with Butalax + Hepasel and diuretics as supportive therapy came to the normal range after five days of treatments as compared to those treated with only butalax.
It is anticipated that present study was proved helpful in diagnosis of theileriosis and evaluation of supportive therapy and will be beneficial for further study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1243,T] (1).
11.
The Study On Pathogenesis Of Newly Isolated New Castle Disease Virus In Immune And Non Immune Birds
by Muhammad Fahad Aslam | Dr.Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Dr.Muhammad Younis Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1261,T] (1).
12.
Effect Of Vitamin-E Supplementation On Lead Toxicity In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japinica)
by Yaseen Humayun | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Younas Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Quails are farmed in large number in Pakistan. Due to improper manage mental rearing system for quails in Pakistan the chances of lead toxicity is more in country through feed and fences and water. A total number of 420, day old chicks of Japanese quail were procured from the hatchery of Avian Research and Training Centre (ARTC), UVAS, Lahore. They were assigned seven dietary treatments. There were three replicates in each treatment group and each replicate was of twenty chicks. Control diet group A received only basal diet without any supplementation. Group B received basal diet + 50 mg/kg Pb. Group C received basal diet + 75 mg/kg Pb. Group D received basal diet +100 mg/kg Pb. Group E received basal diet+50 mg/kg Pb+40 mg/kg vit-E. Group F received basal diet+75 mg/kg Pb + 40mg/kg vit-E. Group G received basal diet+100 mg/kg Pb + 40mg/kg vit-E. The body weight of each the birds were carried out weekly and significant results were observed. Blood samples were collected on the 21st (3rd week), 28th (4th week), 35th (5th week) and 42nd (6th week) days of dietary treatment from two birds from each group to evaluate the liver, kidney functions and non significant results were observed. In liver mild degeneration of hepatocytes and increase in Kupffer cells while degeneration in the epithelium and mild fibrosis in interstitial tissue and cystic dilatations in the tubules and hyaline casts in the lumens of kidney tubules were major pathological lesions caused by lead and vitamin-E were observed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1264,T] (1).
13.
Prevalence And Biochemical Studies On Cattle Suffering From Babesiosis In District Swabi,Khyber Pukhtoonkha
by Naveed Khan | Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Dr.Habib-ur-Rehman | Dr.Muhammad Younas Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The present study was designed to diagnose Babesiosis in cattle in District Swabi Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, to check its prevalence, determine its effect on the liver, kidney function tests and to check the role of supportive therapy. For this purpose blood sample was collected from 100 animals suspected to be suffering from Babesiosis in 20 different villages in district Swabi. Selection of animals was based on clinical signs like haemoglobinuria, temperature and jaundice of Babesiosis. The infection was confirmed by blood smears using Giemsa staining technique. The blood smears showed Babesia piroplasms, which were like double pear shaped or like signet-ring shaped. On the basis of microscopic examination the overall prevalence of Babesiosis in cattle in District Swabi was recorded as 10%. The blood of animals showing Babesia was analyzed in chemistry analyzer using commercially available kits.The values of SGPT, SGOT, Albumin, Total Bilirubin and Creatinine were increased while the values of Total protein an Albumin were decreased as compared to the normal reference values.
Bebesia positive animals Group A were divided into two Group B and Group C. Group B was only treated with antibabesial drug Imizol and Group C was treated with Imizol along with supportive drug i.e. liver tonic and diuretic (Hepasel+Lasix). After 5 days of treatment the plasma of treated animals was again analyzed for biochemical parameters and was compared before and after treatment (with and without supportive drug). The biochemical analysis showed that the biochemical indicators were normalizing in Group B and coming near to normal in Group C. The study is helpful in better understanding of the pathogenesis, supporting therapy and the effect of disease on the affected animals. This study showed that Babesiosis damaged the kidney and liver and the use of supportive drug along with specific drug was effective to recover the animals from infection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1267,T] (1).
